biography
| name: |
William I (of Scotland),
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known as William the Lion
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (c.1142–1214)
|
| biography:
| King of Scots (1165–1214), the brother and successor of Malcolm IV. In 1173–4 he invaded Northumberland during the rebellion against Henry II, but was captured at Alnwick, and by the Treaty of Falaise (1174) recognized Henry as the feudal superior of Scotland. Despite his difficulties with England, he made Scotland a much stronger kingdom. In 1189 Scottish independence was restored, and in 1192 Celestine III declared the Scottish Church free of all external authority save the pope's. |
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