biography
| biography:
| Third caliph to rule after the death of Mohammed. He was elected in succession to Omar in 644. He established a commission of scholars, who collected the revelations of Mohammed to produce the definitive version of the Qur'an. However, his administration was badly organized, and disagreements concerning the division of the gains made in the Muslim conquests gave rise to increasing social tensions, culminating in a revolt in which he was killed. |
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