biography
| name: |
Stuart or Stewart, Prince Charles Edward (Louis Philip Casimir)
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known as the Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1720–88)
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| biography:
| Claimant to the British crown, born in Rome, Italy, the son of James Francis Edward Stuart. Educated in Rome, he became the focus of Jacobite hopes. In 1744 he went to France to head the planned invasion of England, but after the defeat of the French fleet he was unable to leave for over a year. He landed with seven followers at Eriskay in the Hebrides (Jul 1745) and raised his father's standard at Glenfinnan. The clansmen flocked to him, Edinburgh surrendered, and he kept court at Holyrood. Victorious at Prestonpans, he invaded England, but turned back at Derby for lack of evident English support, and was routed by the Duke of Cumberland at Culloden Moor (1746). The rising was ruthlessly suppressed, and he was hunted for five months. With the help of Flora Macdonald and other islanders he crossed from Benbecula to Portree, disguised as her maid. He landed in Brittany, then lived in France and Italy, where (after his father's death in 1766) he assumed the title of Charles III of Great Britain. |
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