biography
| name: |
Rice, Thomas Dartmouth
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known as Daddy
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1808–60)
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| biography:
| Minstrel performer, born in New York, USA. He was a little-known entertainer when c.1828–31 (it is generally believed though cannot be absolutely proved) he first performed in Louisville, KY in blackface (from burnt cork) and rags, a routine he called ‘Jump Jim Crow’. He was supposedly mimicking a crippled black slave (of a Mr Crow in Louisville) he had observed entertaining his fellow workers in a stable. The song instantly became popular, and he made the song and his dance the centrepiece of full-scale musical shows he called ‘Ethiopian operas’ with which he toured widely in the USA and Britain to great acclaim (1836, 1838, 1843). To promote himself he adopted the name Jim Crow, and some believe this is the origin of the name used to refer to African-Americans, specifically when referring to segregation laws. Although he was not the first white man to perform in blackface, the popularity of his singing-dancing-comic routines is said to have led to the minstrel shows of the 1840s. He played the leading role in the New York production of Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1854, but died in poverty. |
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