biography
| name: |
Red Cloud
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originally Makhpiya-luta
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1822–1909)
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| biography:
| Oglala Sioux chief, born near the Platte R in present-day Nebraska, USA. He was chosen chief over the hereditary candidate because of his intelligence, strength, and bravery. In 1865–8 he led and effectively won ‘Red Cloud's war’, closing the Bozeman trail (in present-day Montana), and forcing the US government to destroy its forts along the trail and to sign the Fort Laramie Treaty (1868), in which the latter accepted the territorial claims of the Sioux in exchange for peace. Although he did not hesitate to criticize the conduct of the US government and its agents, Red Cloud never again went to war against the USA. He made several visits to Washington, DC and undertook speaking tours in Eastern cities, lecturing in 1870 at the Cooper Union in New York City. Despite his peaceful ways, he was removed by the government from his position as chief in 1877, and he and his people were removed to the Pine Ridge Agency in South Dakota. |
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