biography
| name: |
Leo XIII
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originally Vincenzo Giocchino Pecci
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1810–1903)
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| biography:
| Pope (1878–1903), born in Carpineto Romano, N Italy. He studied law, and became papal nuncio in Belgium (1843), Archbishop of Perugia (1846), and a cardinal (1853). He restored the hierarchy in Scotland, resolved political difficulties with Germany, and in 1888 denounced the Irish Plan of Campaign. In 1883 he opened the archives of the Vatican for historical investigations, and made himself known as a poet. The 25th anniversary of his episcopate in 1893 was marked by pilgrimages, addresses, and gifts, as was the 50th anniversary of his priesthood in 1887. In 1896 he issued an encyclical pronouncing Anglican orders invalid. As a social reformer he ended papal support for French monarchists and encouraged French Catholics to be loyal to the Third Republic, which led to the reconciliation movement known as le Ralliement. |
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