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biography
| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1735–89)
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| biography:
| Physician, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. After serving an apprenticeship under the great John Redman of Philadelphia, he continued his medical studies in Great Britain and Italy. On returning, he took the lead in founding the medical school at the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) in 1765. Joining the faculty, he wrote his influential Discourse Upon the Institution of Medical Schools in America (1765). After the American Revolution had begun, Congress appointed him medical director of the hospitals and chief physician of the colonial army (1775), but insisted on such changes in the medical department and upon such high standards that his subordinates rebelled and Congress finally removed him (1777). He returned to teaching at the Pennsylvania Hospital and to his private practice, but not without publishing a defence of his conduct. |
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