biography
| name: |
Holmes, John Haynes
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1879–1964)
|
| biography:
| Unitarian minister and social reformer, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Ordained as a Unitarian minister (1904), he helped found the Unitarian Fellowship for Social Justice (1908) while conducting a radical social ministry at the Church of the Messiah, New York City. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (1909), serving as national vice-president for over 50 years, and he helped organize the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) (1918–19). An ardent pacifist, he left the Unitarians to protest their support of America's entry into World War 1 and founded the Community Church in New York City. As a prohibitionist, a supporter of striking workers, a Zionist, editor of Unity magazine (1921–46), and chairman of the New York City Civic Affairs Committee that exposed municipal corruption (1929–38), he made his Community Church in New York City into a model for a pluralistic congregation. A leading US proponent of Gandhi, he led early public protests against Hitler (1933), was named chairman of the ACLU (1939), and later fought McCarthyism. He wrote over 20 books, including his autobiography, I Speak for Myself (1959). |
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