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biography
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| lived:
| (1884–1968)
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| biography:
| Social reformer and government official, born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He worked primarily as a social worker with immigrants in New York City (1908–19) before moving to California and focusing his interests on Native Americans. As founder and head of the American Indian Defense Association (1923–33), he gained a reputation as an outspoken proponent of Indians' rights. This led President Franklin Roosevelt to appoint him commissioner of Indian Affairs (1933–45). He obtained passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which ended the hated land-allotments policy, and generally promoted more progressive policies for Native Americans. Appointed president of the National Indian Institute (1945–50), he was one of the founders of the Inter-American Institute of the Indian in Mexico City (1940), and organizer and president of the Institute of Ethnic Affairs in Washington, DC (1947–68). He taught at City College of New York (1947–54) and Knox College in Illinois (1955–6), and wrote several books, including Indians of the Americas (1947) and From Every Zenith (1963). |
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