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biography
| name: |
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
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pronunciation:
[fikhtuh]
| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1762–1814)
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| biography:
| Philosopher, born in Rammenau, E Germany. He studied theology and then philosophy at Jena, becoming an ardent disciple of Kant. As professor of philosophy at Jena (1794) he modified the Kantian system in his Wissenschaftslehre (1785, Theory of Knowledge) by substituting for the ‘thing-in-itself’ as the absolute reality, the more subjective Ego, the primitive act of consciousness. In 1805 he became professor at Erlangen, where he published the more popular versions of his philosophy. His historical importance is as the author of Reden an die deutsche Nation (1807–8, Addresses to the German Nation), in which he invoked a metaphysical German nationalism to resistance against Napoleon. In 1810 the University of Berlin was opened, and Fichte, who had drawn up its constitution, became its first rector. |
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