biography
pronunciation:
[ismaeel]
| sex:
| male
|
| lived:
| (1830–95)
|
| biography:
| Khedive of Egypt, born in Cairo, Egypt, the second son of Ibrahim Pasha. Educated at St Cyr, France, he worked briefly for the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul, and was granted the title of khedive (viceroy) in 1866. His massive development programme included the building of the Suez Canal, which was opened in splendour in 1869. The accumulation of a large foreign debt led to European intervention; he was deposed under European pressure by the Ottoman sultan in 1879, and replaced by his eldest son, Tewfik. |
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