biography
| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1850–1924)
|
| biography:
| US representative, senator, and historian, born in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. After obtaining his PhD in political science from Harvard (1876), he joined the faculty and published several historical studies, including Alexander Hamilton (1882) and George Washington (1888). Active as a Republican in Massachusetts, including a term in the Massachusetts legislature, he served in the US House of Representatives (1887–93) and then in the US Senate (1893–1924). A champion of civil-service reform and retaining the gold standard, he also helped secure the adoption of treaties allowing the construction of the Panama Canal. Although a conservative in many ways (he opposed women's suffrage and the direct election of senators), he was also a close associate of the progressive Republican Theodore Roosevelt. But he is remembered in history because, as chairman of the Senate Foreign relations Committee, he led the opposition to the acceptance of the peace treaty after World War 1 and specifically President Woodrow Wilson linking it to the USA's entry into the League of Nations. |
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