biography
| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1890–1960)
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| biography:
| Communist politician, born in Droylesden, Lancashire, NW England, UK. He worked in a cotton mill at 12 and joined the Independent Labour Party at 16. He was secretary of the National Minority Movement (1924–9), secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (1929–56), and its chairman thereafter. A stormy demagogue, he was imprisoned for seditious libel in 1925, and deported from Belfast in 1933. During the Spanish Civil War he helped to found the British battalion of the International Brigade. |
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