biography
| name: |
Tolman, Edward C(hace)
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| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1886–1959)
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| biography:
| Psychologist, born in West Newton, Massachusetts, USA. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Psychology, Harvard, and Yale, then taught at the University of California, Berkeley (1918–54). With his first book, Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men (1932), he argued the need to postulate purpose (‘goals’), as well as spatial representations (‘cognitive maps’) in the minds of animals, in order to fully explain their behaviour. His ideas are now more acceptable in academic psychology, largely as a result of the realization that machines (such as guided missiles) can behave as if they have goals. |
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