biography
| sex:
| male
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| lived:
| (1869–1941)
|
| biography:
| Protestant clergyman and reformer, born in New York City, New York, USA. The son of poor immigrant Germans, he grew up in tenements and took his first sweatshop job at age eight. Ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1900, he worked in inner-city missions in Minneapolis, New York City, and St Louis, and headed the Presbyterians' social gospel arm, the Department of Church and Labour (1906–13). His book, Christianity's Storm Center: A Study of the Modern City (1907), called for aggressive evangelism in working-class districts. From 1913 until the end of his life he was a freelance publicist for religious and social causes, including temperance. |
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