biography
| name: |
Abd-ul-Hamid II
|
| |
nickname The Great Assassin
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pronunciation:
[abdulhamid]
| sex:
| male
|
| lived:
| (1842–1918)
|
| biography:
| The last sultan of Turkey (1876–1909). He promulgated the first Ottoman constitution in 1876, but his reign was notable for his cruel suppression of revolts in the Balkans, which led to wars with Russia (1877–8), and especially for the Armenian massacres of 1894–6. A reform movement by the revolutionary Young Turks forced him to summon a parliament in 1908, but he was deposed and exiled in 1909. |
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