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biography
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Berwick, James Fitzjames, 1st Duke of
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| sex:
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| lived:
| (1670–1734)
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| biography:
| Marshal of France, born in Moulins, C France, the illegitimate son of James VII (of Scotland) and II (of England) (by Arabella Churchill). Educated in France as a Catholic, he was created Duke of Berwick (1687). At the ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688 he fled from England, but supported his father's attempts to regain the throne. He was created a marshal of France (1706), and in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) established the throne of Philip V by the decisive victory over the English at Almansa (1707). |
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